Abstract This clinical trial compared the efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) in β-cyclodextrin (DOX)/βCD) with DOX- alone in gel on thirty-three subjects with periodontitis. Patients were randomized to group 1 GI; 10% DOX + scaling and root planning (SRP); group 2 (GII (10% DOX /β-CD + SRP), and group 3 (GIII; SRP). Gels were applied in GI and GII at baseline (T0) and 30 days later (T1). Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and Visible Plaque Index (VPI) were evaluated at (T0), 30 days (T1) and 60 days after T0 (T2). Bone density was analyzed after 18 months (T3). GII showed the most significant reduction of PPD (2.62 mm; p <0.003), and greatest gain in CAL (2.54 mm p <0.003) at T2. BOP and the VPI had a strong reduction in all groups at T2 (p <0.05), both decreased by ≥5 times and 2 times, respectively, in all groups at T1. Bone density increased in all groups in radiographs (T3). The use of DOX encapsulated in β-CD gel with SRP resulted in significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters; such molecular inclusion of doxycycline into β-CD in gel for local application is relatively simple and useful in dentistry.

Background: Aloe vera L., member of the Liliaceae family, has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation and contribute to healing and angiogenesis, has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, Aloe vera can be used as a support for drug transport. Our objective is to evaluate antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of sponges of Aloe vera L. for use as a carrying support of drugs. Results: In this work, sponge of free Aloe vera (AV) loaded with amoxicillin (AMX) or nystatin (NYS) at 1% w/w, were prepared and physico-chemically characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Antimicrobial potency of AV sponge alone, loaded with AMX or NYS, against strains of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans was determined. Osteoblasts and human gingival fibroblasts were cultivated on AV, Aloe vera loaded with amoxicillin (AV/AMX) and Aloe vera loaded with nystatin (AV/NYS) and cellular viability was assessed. The physico-chemical characterization performed suggested that the loaded drugs were dispersed in the sponge and those interactions between the AV sponge and the loaded drugs were weak. Furthermore, AV loaded with AMX or NYS demonstrated antimicrobial potency and osteoblasts and fibroblasts were viable after 24 hrs on free AV, and AV loaded with AMX or NYS. Conclusions: Our results indicate that sponges of free AV, loaded with AMX or NYS, are biocompatible and exhibit antimicrobial activity.

Com o intuito de avaliar a estabilidade dimensional de algumas siliconas de condensacao, foi realizada uma analise dimensional e um teste de cromatografia gasosa dos seguintes materiais: Coltex/ColtoflaxR - Coltene, SpeedexR - Coltene e Optosil Comfort / Xantopren VL PlusR - Kulzer. Tanto as medidas de alteracao dimensional quanto a cromatografia gasosa foram feitas nos seguintes tempos: T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5 (imediatamente apos a presa, trinta minutos, duas horas, vinte e quatro horas, setenta e duas horas e sete dias apos a presa, respectivamente). A alteracao dimensional foi medida diretamente nos moldes em um microscopio comparador. As medidas de alteracao dimensional demonstraram que os materiais ColtexR fine/ColtoflaxR e OptosilR Comfort/Xantopren R VL Plus apresentaram estabilidade dimensional por ate trinta minutos apos a moldagem, enquanto o material SpeedexR apresentou-se estavel por ate duas horas apos a moldagem. O experimento de cromatografia gasosa demonstrou que esses materiais liberam etanol mesmo apos a presa clinica.

The aim of this study was evaluate the dimensional stability of some condensation silicones. The following materials were studied: Coltex/ColtoflaxR - Coltene, SpeedexR - Coltene, and Optosil Comfort/Xantopren VL PlusR - Kulzer. They were evaluated by dimensional analysis and gas chromatography (GC) performed at the following times: T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (immediately after setting, thirty minutes, two hours, twenty four hours, seventy two hours, and seven days after setting, respectively). The dimensional changes were measured directly in the molds using a Mitutoyo microscope. The ColtexR fine/ColtoflaxR and OptosilR Comfort/XantoprenR VL Plus materials presented dimensional stability for up to thirty minutes after molding, while the SpeedexR material remained stable for up to two hours after molding. The gas chromatography experiment demonstrated that these materials release ethanol even after clinical setting.

Estudou-se o uso do ácido butírico (AB) e da fitase em dietas de suínos na fase de crescimento, variando no nível de cálcio. O experimento foi subdivido no tempo em dois períodos de 17 dias, sendo três de adaptação e 14 de mensurações. Em cada período, foram utilizados 16 suínos machos castrados, com peso de 24,6±0,7kg no primeiro e 43,2±1,77kg no segundo período. As dietas diferiam no nível de cálcio (0,5 ou 0,72%), de AB (0 ou 0,3% de butirato de sódio 84%) e de fitase (0 ou 500 FTU kg-1, fitase de origem bacteriana derivada de Escherichia coli). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados (períodos), em decomposição fatorial 2x2x2, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e da energia bruta e o balanço de Ca e P. O AB melhorou a digestibilidade da proteína bruta, mas, de forma individual ou em combinação com a fitase, não aumentou a retenção de minerais. A fitase aumentou a retenção de P, reduzindo sua excreção fecal e urinária. O menor nível de Ca na dieta proporcionou maior retenção de Ca e menor retenção de P, em decorrência do aumento da excreção de P na urina (P<0,0001). Apesar de ter melhorado a digestibilidade protéica, o AB não aumentou a retenção de minerais, nem teve efeito aditivo ao uso de fitase, enquanto que a fitase apresentou efeito positivo para retenção de P.

It was studied the use of butyric acid (BA) and phytase in growing pigs diets, varying calcium level. The experiment was divided into two periods of time, of 17 days, with 3 days of adaptation and 14 of measurements. In each period, it was used 16 barrows weighing 24.6±0.7kg in the first and 43.2±1.77kg in the second. Diets were different in calcium level (0.5 or 0.72%), AB (0 or 0.3% sodium butyrate 84%) and phytase (0 or 500FTU kg-1 phytase of bacterial origin derived from Escherichia coli). The experimental design was in randomized blocks (periods), decomposed in 2x2x2 factorial, with four replications. It was evaluated the apparent digestibility of nutrients, gross energy and balance of Ca and P. AB improved crude protein digestibility, but individually or in combination with phytase did not increase minerals retention. Phytase increased P retention by reducing urinary and fecal excretion. The lowest diet calcium level provided higher Ca retention and lower P retention as a result of increased P excretion in urine (P<0.0001). Despite improving protein digestibility, AB did not increase mineral retention and didn't have an additive effect with the use of phytase, while phytase had positive effect on retention of P.

The aim of this study was to observe the histopathological pulp response following direct pulp capping of mechanically exposed teeth in rats with a composite of beta-tricalcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite bioceramic (BC) and poly (glycolic)-poly (lactic acid) (PLGA) material or a calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] material, compared to BC alone and a negative control of water. Pulp of the maxillary molars was exposed, followed by capping with the experimental material. The pulpal tissue response was assessed post-operatively at 1, 7, 14 and 30 d, followed by histological analysis. The Ca(OH)2 group exhibited severe acute inflammatory cell infiltration at day 14. However after 30 d, a new hard tissue with macro porous obliteration of the pulp chamber and a characteristic necrotic area had appeared. BC and Ca(OH)2 capping were associated with moderate inflammation and dentinal bridge similar. Meanwhile, in the BC/PLGA composite group, there was moderate inflammatory infiltrate and formation of a dense and complete dentinal bridge. In conclusion, the BC/PLGA composite material showed a large zone of tertiary dentin, and effectively reorganized the dentin-pulp complex.

Resinas compactables o condensables han sido indicadas como substitutas a la amalgama, sin embargo evaluaciones longitudinales son necesarias para verificar la resistencia de esos materiales al desgaste y la manutención de la integridad marginal satisfactoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño clínico de restauraciones Clase I restauradas con la resina condensable Prodigy/OptiBond-KERRâ, después 2 años. La resina fue utilizada de acuerdo a la indicación estandar, y las restauraciones fueron evaluadas desde su confección por el método USPHS (United State Public Health Service). Después de 2 años, 85% de las restauraciones fueron clasificadas como Alpha y 15% como Bravo para textura superficial y habilidad de igualar el color; para pigmentación cavo-superficial 65% fueron Alpha y 35% Bravo. No fueron encontradas caries secundárias (100% criterio alpha), pero algunas restauraciones presentaron sensibilidad post operatória y tuvieron que ser repetidas. De acuerdo con los criterios empleados por el método USPHS, se pudo concluir que la resina compuesta compactable presentó desempeño clínico adecuado, después de la evaluación clínica de 2 años.

Compactable composite resins have been indicated as amalgam substitutes. However, longitudinal clinical trials are necessary to verify its resistance to the waste and the integrity maintenance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a compactable resin of composite resin in Class I restorations after to 2 years. Twenty restorations were placed in fifteen young patients (13 to 30 years old). The restorative material (Prodigy/OptiBond-KERRâ) was used according to the standard recommendations. The restorations were assessed at baseline (2000) and after 2 yrs according to the USPHS (United State Public Health Service) criteria. After 2 years, 85% of the restorations were scored Alpha and 15% scored Bravo for Color Matching and Marginal Adaptation, 65% scored Alpha and 35% Bravo for Marginal Discoloration. There was no secondary caries, but two restorations presented post-operative sensibility. Secondary caries was not documented in none restoration. In conclusion, in accordance with the criterions used by the method USPHS, the packable resin compound presented appropriate clinical performing, after the clinical evaluation of 2 years.

Resinas compactáveis têm sido indicadas como substitutas ao amalgama, entretanto avaliações longitudinais são necessárias para e verificar a resistência desses materiais ao desgaste e a manutenção de integridade marginal satisfatória. Neste estudo o propósito foi avaliar a desempenho clínica de restaurações Classe I de (Prodigy/OptiBond-Kerr®) após 2 anos. A resina foi utilizada conforme indicação padrão, e as restaurações foram avaliadas desde sua confecção pelo método USPHS (United State Public Health Service). Após 2 anos, 85,0% das restaurações apresentavam critério Alpha e 15,0% critério Bravo para textura superficial e habilidade de igualar a cor, 65% critério Alpha e 35% Bravo para manchamento cavo-superficial. Não foram encontradas cáries secundárias (100% critério Alpha), embora algumas restaurações apresentaram sensibilidade pós-operatória e tiveram de ser refeitas. De acordo com os critérios empregados pelo método USPHS, concluiu-se que as resinas compactáveis apresentaram desempenho clínico adequado após 2 anos.

La irrigación del sistema de canales radiculares durante el tratamiento endodontico así como el uso de la medicación intracanal eficiente y no tóxica a los tejidos periapicales es indispensable complemento en la cura y eliminación de tejidos necróticos de los canales. Así el objetivo de este trabajo fue analisar los efectos de los principais antimicrobianos utilizados em la desinfección de los sistemas de canales radiculares abordando sus ventajas, desventajas yespecialmente incorporar los nuevos conocimientos en las áreas de microbiología y farmacología en el abordaje clínico de la medicación de canales radiculares. Serán analizados los antimicrobianos de uso tópico de amplia utilización en odontología tales como hipoclorito de sodio, clorexidina, con uso más reciente, EDTA, hidróxido de calcio y paramonoclorofenol. La literatura muestra que, a pesar de su largo uso en endodoncia innúmeras desventajas son señaladas en relación al hipoclorito de sodio. El uso de EDTA está indicado solamente antes de la obturación del canal debido a su fuerte acción quelante, y la clorexidina en gel es una buena alternativa cuando se considera su actividad antimicrobiana, detergente y biologica. La medicación intracanal debe ser entendida llevando en consideración la fuerte relación entre bacterias y hongos, formando biofilmes y de esa forma, los agentes usados necesitan tener un amplio rango de acción, capacidad de limpieza, prevenir la extrusión de debris en los tejidos periapicales, larga permanencia (vários días), y especialmente con baja citotoxicidad. Podemos concluir que ningún antimicrobiano cumple con todas las exigencias y el uso debe ser analisado cada caso en particular, siguiendo el criterio clínico especialmente en relación a la sintomatologia. El hidróxido de calcio permanece como primera opción en dientes asintomáticos y sin infección periapical, ya la clorexidina en gel estaría más indicada en dientes con lesiones crónicas o persistentes.

The irrigation of the system of root channels during the endodontics treatment as well as the use of best intracanal medicament is an indispensable complement in the cure and elimination of necrotic tissues. The aim of this work was to analyze the main effects of the antimicrobials used in the disinfection of the systems of root channels approaching its advantages, disadvantages and specially to incorporate the new knowledge from microbiology and pharmacology areas in the clinical boarding of the medication of root channels. The antimicrobials of wide use in dentistry will be analyzed such as sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, with recent application, EDTA, calcium hydroxide and paramonochlorophenol.The literature shows that, in spite of its long use in endodontic many disadvantages are pointed out in relation to the sodium hypoclorite. The use of EDTA is suitable only before the filling of the channel due to its strong quelant action, and the clorhexidine in gel is a good alternative when it is considered its antimicrobial, detergent and biological activity. The medication intracanal should be understood taking in consideration the strong relationship between bacteria and fungi, forming biofilms and in that way, the used agents need to have a wide action range, cleaning capacity, to prevent the debris extrusion in the periapicals tissues, long permanency (some days), and especially with low cytotoxicity. We can conclude that no antimicrobial fulfills all the demands and the use should be particular to each case, following the clinical parameters, especially in relation to the clinical signs. The calcium hydroxide remains, as first option in asymptomatic teeth and without periapical infection, already the chlorhexidine in gel would be more suitable to be used in teeth with chronic or persistent lesions.

A irrigação do sistema de canais radiculares é um complemento indispensável para a cura e eliminação dos tecidos necróticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os principais efeitos dos antimicrobianos utilizados na desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares abordando suas vantagens, desvantagens e principalmente incorporar novos conhecimentos das áreas de microbiologia e farmacologia na abordagem clínica da medicação de canais radiculares. Os antimicrobianos de amplo uso em Odontologia serão analisados entre eles: hipoclorito de sódio, clorexidina com recente aplicação, EDTA, hidróxido de cálcio e paramonoclorofenol. A literatura mostra que com base em seu longo uso em endodontia, algumas desvantagens são apontadas em relação ao hipoclorito de sódio. O uso de EDTA é indicado apenas antes da obturação dos canais devido à sua forte ação quelante, a clorexidina em gel é uma boa alternativa quando se considera sua atividade biológica, antimicrobiana e detergente. O uso da medicação intracanal pode ser entendido considerando-se a forte relação entre bacterias e fungos, formando biofilmes e por isso a necessidade de agentes com amplo espectro de ação, capacidade de sanificação, prevenção da extrusão de debris pra tecidos periapicais, longa permanência(alguns dias) e especialmente com baixa citotoxicidade. Podemos concluir que nenhum antimicrobiano cumpre todas as exigências do seu uso e cada caso deve ser analisado individualmente, seguindo os critérios clínicos especialmente em relação à sintomatologia. O hidróxido de cálcio permanece como primeira opção em dentes assintomáticos e sem lesão periapical e a clorexidina em gel estaria mais indicada para dentes com lesões crônicas persistentes.